San Francisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

San Francisco - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Ishi belonged to the Yana tribe who lived in the southern region of the Mount Lassen foothills of Northern California. They lived a peaceful life of hunters-gatherers as the hills and mountains were bountiful hunting grounds for their food sources. However, as time passed by, the Yana became the victims of the powerful Winton, who drove them from their homes because they desired the fertile valleys of the Sacramento region. Though they were isolated, they were resilient and fierce fighters who terrorized their enemies especially the Winton. When the white settlers arrived, their perception was influenced by the Wintus stating that the Yanas were dangerous and had to be eradicated from the area. It was during this critical period that Ishi was born. From his childhood, Ishi had lived his life in fear and was always on the run. He had witnessed the systematic annihilation of his tribesmen and as his world grew smaller and smaller he bega n to struggle for survival. During the 1840’s, the Anglo- Saxon era was ushered in and with it a misfortune for the Yana tribe. Gold found in the river beds of California and the exchange of land claims saw the tragic wiping out of the Yana tribe. Immigrant people flushed out the Yana tribe by hunting, land staking and livestock pastures. Hunger took its toll on the population of the Yana tribe that plummeted down. None of Ishi’s Yana tribe was believed to have survived.... He was discovered on 29th August, 1911 and he was taken into custody by the Sheriff. Ishi was highly traumatized and almost dead and was put in a cell. Professors Waterman and Kroeber took charge of Ishi and kept him at the university’s museum and with great difficulty they managed to communicate with him by learning the Yahi language. Ishi too learned all about life in 20th century America. In the present day scenario, with the advent of globalization, many cultures are being lost or wiped out akin to what happened to the Yana tribe. In our contemporary world even with the great advancement of Science and Technology, we still experience the power of greed and unrest which take its toll on those who are most unfortunate. 3 2)Critically discuss the World’s Fair (California Mid – Winter International Exposition) of 1894. Cite specific examples of how we can think critically about this fair (e.g. commodification, race, gender, modernity, nature, etc.)Â   Michael Ha rry of San Francisco announced that he had plans to open the California Mid-Winter Fair in January 1894 in San Francisco. The local citizens were committed to the cause of the project and contributed around $41,500. The chief purpose of this fair was to promote trade, real estate and investment opportunities between California and people from other races and countries. Barbara Berglund in her book titled ‘Making San Francisco American,’ sheds light on San Francisco’s rapid evolution from the much earlier chaotic times to becoming a prized jewel of America’s western empire. She specifically points to the nascent elite’s efforts to bring about social order through cultural and political means. (Barbara Berglund, 2007) The chief idea

Wings of desire. Analysis of the Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wings of desire. Analysis of the Film - Essay Example Each and every city has a history. Human nature is characterized by dynamism and this is reflected on all what surrounds man. Berlin is a no such exception city as it can be read from two dimensions, i.e. visible and invisible. In the film, â€Å"Wings of Desire†, a number of features, which will be discussed later in this paper, prove to be imminent. Art being a reflection of the society, â€Å"Wings of Desire† is a reflection of the life style and depiction of the Berlin city. This city is interesting and has had a capability of combining all the factors that mould a modern city having elements of the past that shape its future. Whether this city is purely real, hyperreal or surreal or may be purely an invisible depends on the spatial history it presents and the different landmarks which show themselves. The wings of desire present two dimensions of the Berlin. Visible Dimension Berlin City can be viewed from the visible dimension. When you visit this city as the film shows you are in a position to see the wall that separates the East and the West of Germany. For many years, this wall has been a real depiction of where this city has come from. It harbors a rich history and this film presents the wall as a site for memory. The wall goes round the City. When people saw the wall, because it was brought down after the shooting of â€Å"wings of desire†, they would have a recap of what happened to their country leading to the separation of East and West Germany. The essence of reality is more felt when the meditation of the history with which this wall carries is effected by first sight this historic feature. For this reason, this wall acting like a landmark feature that was passed on from generation to generation then the sets Berlin city to have the characteristics of realism. A real city has its history attached to the available landmarks that might be manmade or natural and this is something which Berlin clearly presents through the wall. Berlin City has features that tend to embrace idealism. This is a visible dimension whereby subliminal regime is created. Berlin City has special functions for the bridges whereby symbolism and rich history is embedded on them. The bridges link and act as frontiers. It is this feature that makes them very ideal for writing history on them that when people pass by, they can have a look at it. Often the streets, as depicted in this film, have few people with stereotypes of metropolis taking a lead. In addition, the houses together with the streets happen to be anonymous and this presents a rather hard to puzzle situation. The canals clearly confirm that this city is a real metropolitan centre giving life to the surreal ideologies. The ideologies of hyperreal cities bring in the power of imaginations and through the imaginations decisions can be made. A perspective is drawn and Berlin has created search a setting for the world to see. Though luftschutzbunker is a standing remnant of th e effects of World War II, it offers a moment of reflection. A thought of today are imaginatively shifted to try to figure out how yesterday would have been if it were today. This can be described as fiction, something that can only happen in movies and films and this is what basically entails hyperreal cities. The library preserves information. As a visual phenomenon of the Berlin City, it has been distinguished for memory purposes. Not that the Homer does not have the information he really ought to know but rather chooses to opt for memory so as to exploit the excellence which comes along. As depicted, in the film, the library is the place believed to offer angels’ gathering point and excellence is much emphasized. Memory refreshment is the key goal. Invisible Dimension For Berlin, features of invisible dimension are eminent. History has proven that, whatever is seen can communicate more if a little of thoughts are engaged. This is the situation which confronts anybody whol e

Relationship Between Health Status and Systemic Inflammation

Relationship Between Health Status and Systemic Inflammation Participants The Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH or TCLSIHealth) cohort study is a observational study was based on annual health examinations conducted in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Health Management Center in Tianjin, China[13, 14], and focused on the relationship between chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and the health status. Participants, who had received health examinations, including medical examinations, such as blood tests, abdominal ultrasonography, anthropometric parameters (height and body weight) etc., and had completed questionnaires regarding their smoking and drinking habits and disease history over the course of January 2007 to December 2015, were recruited. Moreover, a detailed lifestyle questionnaire covering economic level, marital status, employment status, educational levels, physical activity, sleep habits, dietary habits, overall computer/mobile device usage times, television time, history of prior infections, and u se of medicines as well as physical performance tests were administered to randomly selected subjects from this population since May 2013. The protocol of the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Medical University, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. A total of XXXX subjects participated in this study. However, participants who had a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, or who missed information on hs-CRP, IMT or plaques were not included in the present study. After excluding those subjects, the final cross-sectional analysis population comprised 8000 participants including 6009 subjects with normal blood glucose metabolic status, 1428 subjects with pre-diabetes and 563 subjects with diabetes. Assessment of T2DM Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured by the glucose oxidase method. Blood samples for analysis of HbA1c were mixed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (as an anticoagulant) before testing. HbA1c separation and quantification were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography analyser (HLC-723 G8; Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan) with intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of

David Wilmot and the Wilmot Proviso :: essays research papers

David Wilmot   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Wilmot was born in Bethany, Pennsylvania, on January 20, 1814. Wilmot received his academic education in Bethany and in Aurora, New York. He was later admitted to the bar at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1834. He soon began practice at Towanda, where he afterward resided. He was first brought into public notice from his support of Martin Van Buren in the presidential race of 1836. He helped to found the Republican Party and was a Republican Senator from 1861 to 1863, filling out the unexpired term of Simon Cameron. He then became a judge of the U.S. Court of Claims in 1863.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Wilmot was an avid abolitionist. He became a part of the Free-Soil Party, which was made chiefly because of rising opposition to the extension of slavery into any of the territories newly acquired from Mexico. Not only was he opposed to the extension of slavery into â€Å"Texas,† he created the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso, which is obviously named after its creator, was an amendment to a bill put before the U.S. House of Representatives during the Mexican War; it provided an appropriation of $2 million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico. David Wilmot created this in response to the bill stipulating that none of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House, but the Senate adjourned without voting on it. In the next session of Congress (1847), a new bill providing for a $3-million appropriation was introduced, and Wilmot again proposed an anti slavery amendment to it. The amended bill passed the House, but the Senate drew up its own bill, which excluded the proviso. The Wilmot Proviso created great bitterness between North and South and helped take shape the conflict over the extension of slavery. In the election of 1848, the terms of the Wilmot Proviso, a definite challenge to proslavery groups, were ignored by the Whig and Democratic parties but were adopted by the Free-Soil party. Later, the Republican Party also favored excluding slavery from new territories.

Homeless in America Essay

Families live, die and are born on the streets of vast cities of United States. Less attention are shown to those who are homeless, people focus more on bigger issues when this is a major problem that has occurred for years. Statistics shows that 1.6 million youth run away from home each year between the ages of 12 and 17. The predominant race for runaways is White non-Hispanic (57%), Black non-Hispanic (17%), Hispanic (15%), and Other (11%) follow (Blaha). Homeless children most likely leave their original homes because of the way of life and the hard pressure due to their living environment and family issues. Homelessness makes children sick, wounds young children, & homeless children often struggle in school. Homeless children are in fair or poor health twice as often as other children. They have higher rates of low birth weighted need special care right after birth for times as often as other children. Also have very high rates of acute illness, with half suffering from two or mo re symptoms during a single month. Despite state and federal efforts to provide homeless children with improved access to public school, at least one-fifth of homeless children don’t attend school. This is because they either have no transportation from the shelters to school or lack of school and medical records makes registration harder. Daily demands off finding food and shelter push children’s educational needs aside. Homelessness and poverty are linked. Poor people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which absorbs a high proportion of income, which must be dropped. Being poor mean being an illness, an accident, or a paycheck away from living on the streets. Homelessness and street life have extreme effects on children. Their unstable lifestyles, lack of medical care, and inadequate living conditions increase young people’s susceptibility to chronic illnesses such as respiratory or ear infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV /AIDS. Children fending for themselves must find ways to eat; some scavenge or find exploitative physical work. Many homeless children are enticed by adults and older youth into selling drugs, stealing, and prostitution. Studies show that at least half of homeless youth has been a victim of physical or sexual abuse. This is hard to believe when first heard, but once one thinks about how much exposure they have to the world, criminals, and offenders the fact becomes more realistic and believable. Some studies have come up with two theories to examine the homeless youth which is the lifestyle-exposure theory and the routine activity theory. In these theories the youth’s proximity, exposure, guardianship, and target congruence are examined. They are more likely to get raped and end up with a sexually transmitted disease. Since they are always on the streets, this gives the predator’s easier access to their prey (the youth). Both the theories, lifestyle-exposure and routine activity theory, are associated together because they both pay no attention to criminal motivation, but focus on how what they do in the everyday lives are related to their exposure to many dangerous people and places. With the youth being so exposed many say this is high potential risk of being victimized. When the theories are combined they include the four concepts which is proximity to crime, exposure to crime, guardianship, and target attractiveness/congruence. The fault in these theories is that they both ignore the sources of criminal motivation. One a child is around a certain area enough, they most of the time adapt the characteristics of the environment and do as they see. If everyone around them is stealing then the child is more likely to steal, if everyone is having sex around them then they might get use to the fact of seeing sex and may not see it as bad. Drug use by children on the streets is common as they look for means to numb the pain and deal with the hardships associated with street life. Studies have found that up to 90 percent of street children use psychoactive substances, including medicines, alcohol, cigarettes, heroin, and etc. The mental, social and emotional growth of children is affected by their lifestyles. There are numerous reasons children chose to run away from home during the early twentieth century: death of parents, abusive home life, broken homes, and poverty. The majority of them go without shelter for varying lengths of time. Because homeless difference between runaway children and homeless children was that runaways chose to leave their home for the reasons above while homeless children were victims of social and economic factors that left and runaway children are too young to work and lack marketable skills, they are often recruited by criminals involved in the illegal drug trade, prostitution, and pornogr aphy. They are either active participants in these activities or serve as recruiters of other vulnerable children. Experts generally agree that homelessness among children is increasing in both rural and urban areas. The causes are social in nature. These children are often homeless along with their mothers and are victims of economic recessions, job loss, and high housing costs. Data on the extent of the problem is inadequate and can be found only in isolated case studies. Children become homeless because of the families. Families become homeless because there is an imbalance between the number of households that live in poverty and the amount of low-income housing availability. If there are more households that need assistance than the housing units can afford then some people become homeless. In some households, some families pay more than the 30 percent which is the required percentage that is required by the federal government for the family to pay based on which they can afford to pa y for housing. In some cases where the family cannot even pay the 30 percent this is when they become homeless. â€Å"In one study referenced by the National Network for Youth, 51% of runaway and throwaway youth responded physical abuse. The Department of Health and Human Services asserts that up to 40% have been sexually molested.†(Blaha) â€Å"Emotional and mental stress also is common. According to the National Network for Youth, 50-56% of homeless youngsters report mental health problems over their lifetime. Staffs at runaway and homeless youth shelters paint an even bleaker picture. According to their data, 63% of the runaways they work with are depressed; 50% have trouble with school; 20% abuse drugs and alcohol; and 17% have been in the juvenile justice system. One survey found that 26% of those in shelters and 32% of those on the street have attempted suicide. A separate survey relates that nearly one-third of shelter youth have attempted suicide at some point in their lives.†(Blaha) Some youth use school as a safe place. It is times where they can get off the streets and actually feel like a regular child. They can get a free meal, they can interact with children their age and not predators. Some are so in to going to school because they see it as their way off the streets. They go to school and take it serious so they can move on to college and get a job so their own children will not end up in the same situation. â€Å"School is a place of safety, structure, and opportunity. Yet homeless children and youth face unique barriers to education. These barriers include being unable to meet enrollment requirements; lack of school supplies and clothing; and poor health, fatigue, and hunger. When these barriers are not addressed, homeless children and youth often are unable to attend school, which prevents them from obtaining the education that is both their legal right and their best hope of escaping poverty as adults.† (Facts about Homeless †¦ ) There are some places that the youth could go for safety, the National Safe Place. The National Safe Place is a program that provides safety and others services for youth in need. The NSP informs and educate youth about other things that they could do rather than be homeless. â€Å"National Safe Place is an outreach and prevention program that is uniquely designed to provide immediate safety and access to services for any youth in need. In partnership with over 360 youth serving agencies and over 10,000 businesses and community organizations across the United States, the Safe Place program educates youth about alternatives to running away and homelessness and provides easily accessible links to service providers. Ongoing data collection indicates that National Safe Place has been successful in reaching endangered youth at risk of abuse, neglect or serious family problems but that expanded program models remain needed. â€Å"(Walsh) In essence, children become homeless because of many reasons such as death of parents, abusive home life, and poverty. Homelessness has a major affect on children in America. This unstable lifestyle makes it difficult to afford things that a child need such as housing, food, and an education. There are many ways that one can help the homeless youth, a person must go out of their comfort zone and just try to help. â€Å"Homeless people need shelter, food and most importantly they need love. One easy way to help a homeless person is paying for a hotel room for the person. It will not benefit them for long but at least the will have a shelter for some days. Many people will not give homeless people money because they are afraid it will be spent wrongly on alcohol, drugs, etc. Not giving a homeless person any money because of that reason is wrong yet if you know without a doubt that the homeless person in question will spend it that way it may be wise to spend it for him on something he really needs, like a roof over his head. Simply give the homeless person the money. Instead of trying to be in control of what and how the homeless person spends the money give them the money and trust that that the person will spend it right. â€Å"(Tucker)

Cadburys Business Assignment Essay

The business that I have chosen to is Cadburys I have chosen to use the product will it is a well knows product that many people know and love, I have chosen this product because it has a very wide range of target audience and Cadburys is a well known business so information will be easy to access and to gather. The nature of the business is simple it is to provide sugary treats to the public the main target audience I would say would be children I would say from the ages of 4 onwards, the customers would be every one that likes chocolate they have a wide range of products such a cream egg this would appeal more to children than adults I would say as they adverts and the angle of the marketing addresses to children’s humour and to the nature of the commercial side of the business were as the product such a a dairy milk bar would appeal to a wider range of people such as adults as its simple and has very little child like qualities. The business brings out new products quite of ten so this would build on the companies reputation and would also help its sales figures as new products appeal to the customers curious nature as if a new product comes out that is advertised well, will make you want to try it and see what it is like, as Cadburys have a wide range of products there is pretty much a product for every one so the target audience is vast. Because of its large product range it will have more customers and because it has been around a long time this would mean that allot of people would have known about it and there for the audience and the people that buy the product will be greater than new businesses or newer businesses such as galaxy. The business Cadburys has existed since 1842 this shows the public that the business is a reliable and trust worthy business and obviously has a good range of products. Cadburys was founded almost 200 years ago and was opened by john Cadburys on bull street in Birmingham in 1824, he started of by making drinking chocolate then expanded by making chocolate and other products. Cadburys is a plc so it is a private limited company so this means it has public shares so the public would be involved in the business. The business is not based anywhere anymore but has business every were and this would make it a world wide company. The main competitors would be businesses such as galaxy and nesquik and other chocolate and sweat manufactures. My companies corporate aims would be to be able to make a healthy profit and be able to keep the business running at a high standard. The objectives of the business would be to be making lots of good quality chocolate and to be always be improving the quality of the chocolate and the recipes, other objectives would be to make their business fully fair trade as this would help the reputation of the business. Another objective would be to expand the business to have lots of stores world wide to increase the popularity of the business, doing this the business would need to make sure that they will be able to survive the market and make it an on going business. To create chocolate that appeals to all ages of the audience they do this by making sure that all of their ingredients are all at a high quality standard this includes fair trade products this would make their products more appealable to their target audience. Due to the nature of the business i think that they should cover some of the gaps such as creating more new products and possibly placing more Cadburys shop around the less populated areas around the country. I also feel as if Cadburys aims and objective are to do with the cream egg are easy and do able and make them accessible to smaller areas and smaller businesses such as corner shops. I have chosen Cadburys Cream Egg for my product that I am researching throughout my assignments, I have chosen this product as it is a noticed and a very well known brand and this product has been out for a while so there would be information to follow up on and to research about, this will be helpful with completing my assignments that I have been given, I have managed to find out allot about this business and this product so I am pleased with my decision. I am going to be finding out about the general aims and objectives for my chosen product that the business has set, I will also be discovering the SMART rule and I will be providing the basis for my marketing plan. I will be introducing this by using sections of the brief to make my plan, also researching the business. Cadburys used to be a family business and was running smoothly until the company went bankrupt in march 2010, since this Cadbury was acquired by Kraft Foods in March 2010. Kraft foods is an American based company that specializes in food such as chocolate and beverages. Kraft foods is a exceedingly good business earning around 1 billion dollars each year, and sells to over 170 different countries. Kraft foods is a public limited company. An aim is where the business wants to go in the future, its goals. It is a statement of purpose, e.g. we want to grow the business. A business aim is the goal a business wants to achieve. A primary aim for all business organizations is to add value and in the private sector this involves making a profit. More strategic aims include expansion, market leadership and brand building. A business o Objectives within an organization are established at a number of levels from top level corporate objectives, down to team objectives and individual objectives that create a framework for operational activities. These are often translated into targets which help to motivate staff in reaching short-term goals. Objectives therefore provide a clear structure for all of the various activities that an organization carries out. By measuring how well an objective has or has not been achieved, managers can make necessary changes to their activities to ensure progress and achievement of the stated objectives are made within the timescale allocated objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. A way to create this would to use the SMART rule.. Specific – clear and easy to understand. Measurable – i.e. able to be quantified. Achievable – possible to be attained. Realistic – not ‘pie in the sky’. Time bound – associated with a specific time period For example†¦. The aims of Cadburys are 1. Improving farmer incomes by helping farms to increase their yields and produce top quality beans. 2. Introducing new sources of rural income through microfinance and business support to kick start new rural businesses and introduce additional income streams such as growing other crops. Developing communities by helping them meet their own goals and improve rural life. For example, by supporting health through building wells for clean, safe water; education, through schools and libraries; and the environment through bio-diversity projects. 4. Working in partnership a pioneering model led from the grass roots. Farmers, governments, NGOs and international agencies work together to decide how the funding is spent and work with local organizations to turn plans into action. Cadbury is an international company that make, market and sell exclusive brands chocolate. Cadbury have achieved this effectively for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a apparent and a clear understanding of the requirements and needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders. SMART stands for .. †¢Specific †¢Measurable †¢Achievable †¢Realistic †¢Timed Smart means objectives- they break up the aim into small do able task’s to make the job easier and achievable. Specific – Objectives should specify what they want to achieve, For example a soft drinks company may want to achieve 3% market share in 12 months. Measurable – You should be able to measure whether you are meeting the objectives or not to continue to run your business in a organised and professional manor, for example a market share over 12 months means that each month market share targets can be measured against a specific goal. Achievable – Are the objectives you set, achievable to be able to carry on your business plan, an example for this would be over a period of time such as one year 12 months you need to be able to know does the company have the resources, man power and finances to achieve the goal. Realistic Can you realistically achieve the objectives with the resources you have such as space finance and staff and equipment, and does the company need more time than 1 mouths to get to the standard that the owner want. Time- this would mean when you want to set a time for the objectives and aims that you have set yourself and the marketing there need to be a date and able to make it specific and achievable, such as some business set a 12 month business plan to achieve these goals. Marketing objectives should be based on understanding your strengths and weaknesses, and the business environment you operate in. They should also be linked to your overall business strategy for example if the business id doing well and the sales increase by 15% in the last year then you should set a business plan that will help boost encourage the market sales further for example leading out a new product or different advertising to appeal more the customers. This should follow the SMART rules. For Cadburys cream egg i would need to use SMART to make my business plan specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed, for example mine would be to boost market sales by 20% in 6 months by April 1st, i will do this by creating a new angle for the cream egg and make the advertising the product in a new way and maybe reshaping the product, for example such as Kellogg’s Special K they reinvented this product by advertising it so it would be a new slimming product it was targeted at women middle aged women as these area of people are the most likely to buy the product, this was effective and is now a top seller cereal. This is Realistic as i will have the eight resources and the finances to do this goal, this objective will be finished in 6 months time on the 1st of April 2012.

Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay

Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay Anaxagoras and Aristophanes Essay Anaxagoras and Aristophanes: Key roles in Plato’s Apology PL 201: Introduction to Philosophy Doctor Geoffrey Batchelder In The Apology: Defence of Socrates, Plato records the trial and sentencing of his mentor and teacher, Socrates. Socrates, though he would argue otherwise, is a very wise man and a great orator and debater. If the record of this trial is accurate, and we can assume that it is through the cross-examination of other records, Socrates makes his case very well and should not have even been in court. However, despite his great defense, insurmountable evidence to support his innocence, and the lack of validity in the trial itself, Socrates is found guilty on the old charges of teaching and getting paid to teach the ways of science and rhetoric, and on the new charges of corrupting the youth and religious nonconformity. He is sentenced to death by poison and accepts his fate willingly. As previously mentioned, Socrates argues his defense with great eloquence and poise. He uses every tool in his vocabulary arsenal, including his ability to show his accusers that they contradict themselves readily and unknowingly. Socrates is also sure to allude too many of his contemporaries. These allusions come about in many different ways. Some arise from accusers that may not necessarily be present or even be fully aware that they are in fact accusers themselves. Such is the case when Socrates mentions the playwright Aristophanes. Other allusions are made because Socrates is accused of actions or matters that do not concern him at all and are instead the matters of others; contemporaries. This occurs when Socrates references that some of the accusations Meletus makes against him are in fact accusations that would only make sense to make against a man named Anaxagoras. These two allusions are a brief but significant component of Socrates’ that unfortunately would ultimately become his undoing. In the beginning of The Apology, Socrates explains the first set of charges, which are teaching skewed methods of science and rhetoric, and how these may in fact be the most difficult to defend against. These charges stem from a group of individuals who have grown up with these accusations being accepted widely as truth. Socrates explains, â€Å"†¦those accusers are numerous, and have been denouncing me for a long time now, and they also spoke to you at an age at which you would be most likely to believe them, when some of you were children or young lads; and their accusations simply went by default for lack of any defense.† 1 In this part of the speech, Socrates explains that what is difficult in particular about these early accusations is that not only have they been around for so long and so widely accept, but no one has contested them in any way. This then leads to what Socrates believes to be, â€Å"†¦the most absurd thing of all is that one cannot even get to know their names or say who they were – except perhaps one who happens to be a comic playwright.†2 This currently anonymous playwright, who will be named in a later quotation as Aristophanes, is largely to blame for the spread of these accusations. Even if he was not accusing Socrates formally, his success as a playwright allows him to reach the public in ways that others perhaps common folk, who Socrates is unable to name, can. The patrons who then go and see this play, where â€Å"a character called ‘Socrates’ swings around, claims to be walking on air, and talks a lot of other nonsense on subjects of which [Socrates] has no understanding, great or small,†3 then make the association between this Socrates and the real one. This is engrained in the minds of the people and becomes common knowledge. These

San Francisco State - SAT Scores and Admissions Data

San Francisco State - SAT Scores and Admissions Data San Francisco State University Admissions Overview: As part of the application, students will need to submit scores from the SAT or ACT. While the majority of applicants submit SAT scores, the university accepts both equally. For more information, check out the schools website or contact the admissions office. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): San Francisco State University Acceptance Rate: 68%SF State GPA, SAT and ACT Score GraphTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430 / 540SAT Math: 430 / 550SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanCompare Cal State SAT ScoresACT Composite: 18 / 24ACT English: 16  / 24ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers meanCompare Cal State ACT Scores San Francisco State Description: Founded in 1899, San Francisco State University takes pride in the diversity of its student body. 67% of undergraduates are students of color. Students come from 94 countries, and the school enrolls more international students than any other masters degree-granting university in the U.S. San Francisco State offers 115 bachelors and 95 masters programs. The 142-acre urban campus gives students ready access to the dining and cultural attractions of the city. In athletics, the San Francisco State Gators compete in the NCAA Division II  California Collegiate Athletic Association. Popular sports include softball, cross country, basketball, soccer, and wrestling.  SFS is one of the  23 Cal State schools. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 29,045  (25,945 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44% Male / 56% Female83% Full-time Costs (2016- 17): Tuition and Fees: $6,484  (in-state); $17,644  (out-of-state)Books: $1,900  (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,882Other Expenses: $2,966Total Cost: $25,232  (in-state); $36,392 (out-of-state) San Francisco State Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 76%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 69%Loans: 42%Average Amount of AidGrants: $8,817Loans: $5,441 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, English, Film Studies, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Psychology, Radio and Television, Speech and Rhetorical Studies What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 80%Transfer Out Rate: 6%4-Year Graduation Rate: 18%6-Year Graduation Rate: 53% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Wrestling, Cross Country, Baseball, BasketballWomens Sports:  Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Basketball, Soccer, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Admissions Profiles for Other Cal State Campuses Bakersfield | Channel Islands | Chico | Dominquez Hills | East Bay | Fresno State | Fullerton | Humboldt | Long Beach | Los Angeles | Maritime | Monterey Bay | Northridge | Pomona (Cal Poly) | Sacramento | San Bernardino | San Diego | San Francisco | San Jose State | San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) | San Marcos | Sonoma State | Stanislaus More California Public University Information SAT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsACT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsThe University of California SystemSAT Score Comparison for the UC SystemACT Score Comparison for the UC System

10 Personification Examples in Poetry, Literature, and More

10 Personification Examples in Poetry, Literature, and More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Personification is an important literary device- as a form of metaphor, personification compares two things quickly and efficiently, often in a poetic fashion. But what is it? In this guide, we’ll discuss what personification is, what it does, and why so many writers use it, as well as a whole bunch of examples to help you get accustomed to identifying personification when you see it. This isn't quite personification, but it is cute. What Is Personification? Personification is pretty simple, but before we can get into what it is, we need to discuss metaphors. Personification is a form of metaphor, a literary device comparing two things by applying the qualities of one thing to another. One famous example is the Walt Whitman line, â€Å"And your very flesh shall be a great poem.† Whitman isn’t suggesting that your flesh is literally a poem- that would be both impossible and uncomfortable- but rather that your entire self is a work of art. Within the context of the Leaves of Grass preface, where this quote comes from, the quote means that, through love and patience and living with meaning and purpose, your entire self will have meaning and purpose, just as a poem does. Though Whitman’s quote is a metaphor, it’s not personification. Personification is a more specific type of metaphor in which something that is not human is given human traits. Whitman’s quote compares flesh, something human, to a poem, something inhuman, meaning it’s not personification. Instead, personification will look something like this quote from John Keats’ â€Å"To Autumn†: â€Å"Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run.† Here, the thing doing the conspiring is autumn, and ‘him’ is the maturing sun. Neither of these things can conspire- autumn is a season, and the sun is a star- but for the purpose of illustrating how perfect the season is, Keats suggests that they can. In this example, Keats gives both autumn and the sun the human ability to conspire. That doesn’t mean that Keats wants you to picture the sun and autumn literally whispering in one another’s ears; he’s suggesting harmony and a natural order of things. As the sun matures (another thing it isn’t technically doing, at least not in this poem) into the later stages of the year, the fruit on the vines begins to ripen just in time for the harvest. As the sun moves further from the earth and the weather grows colder, the season switches to autumn, as if the two were consciously working together. Hence, the idea of conspiring. As you can see, personification can add a dramatic and more evocative flair to writing. If Keats’ poem had simply read, â€Å"The sun gets further away from the earth as the season changes to autumn, just in time for the fruit to ripen,† itwouldn't feel particularly inspiring or interesting. But when he suggests that the sun and autumn are conspiring, we get a much more vivid, memorable picture of what the seasons are like. This isn't personification either. Examples of Personification Keats is just one writer using personification- there are lots of different ways to use this literary device to great effect. You don’t even need to be world-renowned Romantic poet to use it! Basic Examples of Personification Since personification is just giving something that isn’t human the characteristics of a human, it’s very simple to do! Check out these examples: The stars winked in the night sky. Stars, having no eyes, cannot wink. But when you see this phrase, you know that they’re twinkling. The bridge stretched over the interstate. A bridge can’t stretch, but from this phrase, we get the mental image of it being long and gracefully curved. The cave mouth yawned. A mouth can yawn, but a cave mouth cannot. Still, we get the mental image of the cave mouth stretched wide. The smell of baking muffins welcomed us inside. A smell can’t welcome, but we can still understand that the narrator of this sentence feels welcomed by the homey smell. Poetry Examples of Personification We often encounter figurative language like personification in poetry, where a few words have to carry a lot of meaning. Some of the most famous examples in poetry are: â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death –He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality.† - â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson In this poem, Death is personified as a person driving a carriage. Within the confines of this poem, Death may in fact be a person; but Dickinson isn’t writing about a literal event that happened to her. She’s using her relationship with Death figuratively, illustrating how Death goes about its business with little regard for humanity’s work and leisure. â€Å"BlackberriesBig as the ball of my thumb, and dumb as eyesEbon in the hedges, fatWith blue-red juices. These they squander on my fingers.I had not asked for such a blood sisterhood; they must love me.They accommodate themselves to my milkbottle, flattening their sides.†- â€Å"Blackberrying† by Sylvia Plath Plathmakes a direct comparison between blackberries and humans- she says blackberries, like eyes, are 'dumb,' in that they cannot speak. But we also know that they can’t squander, they can’t be a sisterhood, and they can’t love or accommodate themselves. Plath isn’t trying to tell us that these are magic blackberries with all those traits. She’s using personification to illustrate her relationship with these blackberries, demonstrating a unique bond with them. Even without the context of the whole poem, Plath’s use of personification shows us that these blackberries aren’t just fruit to her. Literary Examples of Personification Poets aren’t the only writers using personification- it’s also valuable for prose writers! Check out these famous examples from literature: â€Å"[The eyes of TJ Eckleburg] look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose. Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal blindness or forgot them and moved away. But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground†¦." - The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald If these eyes were attached to a human being, they might brood as an extension of the human. But the eyes of TJ Eckleburg are painted on a billboard, not attached to a human face. It’s impossible for them to brood, as they don’t have emotions. However, this quote demonstrates the mood that the eyes cast over the valley; it’s dark and dreary, and the way that Fitzgerald characterizes these painted eyes reflects that. "There is something subversive about this garden of Serena’s, a sense of buried things bursting upwards, wordlessly, into the light, as if to point, to say: Whatever is silenced will clamour to be heard, though silently. [†¦] Light pours down upon it from the sun, true, but also heat rises, from the flowers themselves, you can feel it: like holding your hand an inch above an arm, a shoulder. It breathes, in the warmth, breathing itself in." - The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood This paragraph has a couple of instances of personification. Buried things don’t really burst upward- they grow, but to ‘burst’ is to move suddenly, which is something that these plants don’t do. Likewise, Atwood says that the heat breathes. Because heat doesn’t have lungs, it can’t breathe, but it’s clear that Atwood is giving everything in Serena’s garden a sense of life so that even the heat has vitality. Pop Culture Examples of Personification You don’t have to look to books you’ve read in school to find personification, either! Everything from TV shows to music to video games can contain personification, such as these examples: Inside Out Though everything that happens in the movie Inside Out can be read to be happening literally- it’s a fantasy movie!- it’s also a form of metaphor. We know that in real life our emotions aren’t little humanoid figures running around pulling levers, but giving emotions like joy and sadness human characteristics encourages viewers to appreciate their complexity. Sadness isn’t bad, and joy isn’t always good- when we give them human traits, we see that any emotion can mean multiple things! "You try to scream but terror takes the sound before you make itYou start to freeze as horror looks you right between the eyesYou're paralyzed'Cause this is thriller, thriller nightAnd no one's gonna save you from the beast about to strike."- "Thriller" by Michael Jackson There are a few examples of personification in this song- in just this verse, terror "takes the sound" and horror "looks you right between the eyes." Logically, we know that emotions can't take or look at anything. But using that kind of language to describe fear gives it an agency that infuses this song with energy. It's not difficult to understand why this works so well; if you've ever been afraid, you know how it can affect the way your body feels, sometimes paralyzing you. That's what Jackson is tapping into in this song: the sense that fear can trap you and make you feel like you're out of control. What’s Next? Personification is just one of many literary devices at your disposal. Check out this list of literary devices and how they're used for a whole bunch more! Want to know more about how the Valley of Ashes is constructed inThe Great Gatsby? Learn more from this post all about how the Valley of Ashes works as a symbol! Understanding how personification works can help you in AP literature- just like this reading list for AP lit students! What kind of man so likes being described by his mother as the personification of "the beast" that he adopts it as his own nickname? Learn more about the strange life and times of Aleister Crowley with this article.

Portfolio of Public Relations Campaigns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Portfolio of Public Relations Campaigns - Essay Example Stopober is just the beginning. It gave participants a deadline to quit smoking, targeting 28 days or a month for less chances of relapse.   Galloway (2012) reports that permanent cessation of smoking is ensured the longer the smoker persists in quitting.   Within four weeks, the risk of relapse is very high, but when the smoker hurdles it, it becomes much easier, with the risk of the relapse becoming low after twelve weeks.   The current campaign takes off from the enormous success of Stoptober and aims to maintain the positive outcomes it derived and go beyond it by spreading awareness to more people about the dangers of the smoking and to urge more smokers to stop.   That way, better health is achieved for everyone.3.0   The PR Campaign  Spreading awareness would entail the help of family and friends of the smokers as well as powerful multimedia messages. Testimonials of both successful quitters as well as those who contracted devastating illnesses due to smoking will address the targeted population of smokers so they themselves can decide for themselves what to do.   It is much easier to commit to something one decides on for himself instead of merely being pressured to do so.   3.1 NudgeThe Stoptober campaign used a strategy known as ‘nudge’ (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008).   Simply put, it is a strategy to get people to change their behaviour towards a different one that would be more beneficial.... These participants had access to a variety of support which includes multi-media reminders and motivators, expert advise, support materials, a mobile phone application and daily text messages to monitor their progress. 2.0 Vision of Stoptober Stopober is just the beginning. It gave participants a deadline to quit smoking, targeting 28 days or a month for less chances of relapse. Galloway (2012) reports that permanent cessation of smoking is ensured the longer the smoker persists in quitting. Within four weeks, the risk of relapse is very high, but when the smoker hurdles it, it becomes much easier, with the risk of relapse becoming low after twelve weeks. The current campaign takes off from the enormous success of Stoptober and aims to maintain the positive outcomes it derived and go beyond it by spreading awareness to more people about the dangers of smoking and to urge more smokers to stop. That way, better health is achieved for everyone. 3.0 The PR Campaign Spreading awareness wo uld entail the help of family and friends of the smokers as well as powerful multimedia messages. Testimonials of both successful quitters as well as those who contracted devastating illnesses due to smoking will address the targeted population of smokers so they themselves can decide for themselves what to do. It is much easier to commit to something one decides on for himself instead of merely being pressured to do so. 3.1 Nudge The Stoptober campaign used a strategy known as ‘nudge’ (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). Simply put, it is a strategy to get people to change their behaviour towards a different one that would be more beneficial. John, Smith & Stoker (2009) explain that people are offered a ‘choice

TBD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TBD - Essay Example Possibly the simplest means to resolve this dilemma is to consider the tongue-cutting in the author's book as story bound, as an application of Kingston's artistic thoughts. The remarkable effort that has been done on Kingston's ground-breaking utilization of genre in The Woman Warrior upholds such analysis. Screening Kingston's book as a chronicle in the conventional sense is presently dishonored. Yet, while The Woman Warrior does not request for a distinction of truth from imaginary tale, too quickly tagging as imaginary every occurrence in the book that potentially indicates intercultural apprehension does not facilitate comprehension of Kingston's stylish treatment of actuality and imagination. The author censures the building of a language custom by presenting how language differentiation develops into race-oriented language. The act of tongue-cutting is essential to comprehending how language, frequently considered empty of material meaning, cannot be understood apart from the body. Erving Goffman's hypothesis of stigma triggers a great fraction of this debate, since it is necessary to demonstrate the relationship between the creation of a language custom and the stigmatization of specific language dissimilarities. It is best to begin at the speaker's school commencement into a collective world of "normal" language as well as social norms. The speaker has difficulties in school, because of conflicts between her and the norms of satisfactory classroom performance, exemplify how the decisive factors for identifying aptitude and disability transform depending on social and cultural conditions. It is also ideal to concentrate on the act of tongue-cutting and the undecided association that the speaker has to her verbal communication. It is possible to examine two incidents from the story that exemplifies the speaker's worries about language and her discovery of how to establish her relationship with language. For the speaker of The Woman Warrior, school is the location where she initially studies about customs. Though public schooling is a recognized way of socialization, the cultural differentiations involving dwelling and school resulted to difficulties in the understanding of socialization for the speaker. The primary coping approach she assumed when she is shoved into an unfamiliar world of community organization is to resort to silence. Muteness has functioned as a defensive guard, but it revolves into a pressure issue the instant the speaker recognizes that muteness is not well-accepted by her instructors. The virtuousness of muteness is vanished when the speaker learns a consciousness of the social purpose credited to language. In the final episode of The Woman Warrior, the speaker ponders on the origins of her language. After analyzing her ability for formulating and exaggerating stories, the speaker astoundingly reveals

Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Revolution - Assignment Example On average, the ratio of a British citizen’s tax to that of a colonist was 30-1. Although the issue of ‘taxation without representation’ enraged the colonists, it was barely the main reason for the American Revolution. The French and Indian war, which had put the Brits in bad debt, started mainly as a result of the colonists’ failures (Webster, 1802). However, I agree with the fact that the war was unavoidable although my reasons for this stand are different. One of the reasons I believe the revolution was unavoidable is because independence is inevitable. The idea of equality was fast spreading in Europe and this influenced the colonists into fighting for their own freedom. Additionally, harsh economic conditions contributed to the colonists’ agitation further making the revolution unavoidable. I agree with the writer on the role played by the American Revolution in the institution of slavery. The main contradiction brought by this revolution was the whites trying to gain their freedom while at the same time enslaving the blacks. According to Webster (1802), this was abusing the doctrine of political equality which allows all people to have equal rights to life, property and security. However, it is worth noting that the whites viewed the revolution as a means to political-economical liberation rather than personal repression the blacks suffered

Intel Corp Strategies, Organizational Design and Strategic Controls Essay

Intel Corp Strategies, Organizational Design and Strategic Controls - Essay Example This shift towards manufacturing microprocessors saw its success as a market leader because with the success of personal computers, Intel also emerged as the forerunner for supplying high speed and more sophisticated microprocessors to enable PC users to expand their choices of using PC for different purposes such as gaming etc. This however, been successful mainly due to the way Intel was managed as well as the mission and objectives it set for itself. Intel, as a company has intensively relied on setting strategic directions for itself which is based on delivering technology advancements which help improve the way we live and work. This paper will attempt to study the vision, mission and objectives of the organizations and would then examine the existing organizational design and strategic controls to determine whether the strategic fit between the two exist or not. Setting up the mission statement help firms to identify the unique and fundamental objective for which distinguish the firm from others in the industry. (Pearce and David). Intel has set following mission for itself: The above mission statement suggests that the focus of Intel has been on focusing on three distinct stakeholders i.e. customers, employees and shareholders by providing them technologies which are considered as vital to the way we work and live. Based on this mission statement, the organization has also set values of "customer orientation, Result Orientation, Risk Taking, Great place to work, Quality and Discipline" (Intel) however, these values are going to help Intel to achieve the objectives of extending its technology leadership by delivering best microprocessors and platforms so that it can become profitable worldwide by excelling in customer orientation. (Intel). The above goals and objectives suggest that the focus of Intel has been on becoming a market leader in microprocessor market by focusing on being customer oriented. However, in order to attain such mission and objectives, Intel has set up organizational design and strategic controls in such a way that they support its mission, vision, values and objective. The following section will discuss the organizational design and strategic controls within Intel which help it to achieve its mission and strategic objectives. Organization Design and Strategic Controls & Strategic Fit Organizational Design and Strategic controls involve the setting up of the roles and processes which outline the reporting relationships within the organization. The definition of roles and processes help organizations to accomplish the operational and tactical objectives so that the strategic objectives of the organization shall be achieved and strategic controls help organizational designs to follow a pre-defined strategic framework. Similarly, Strategic fit defines how well the strategies and mission of the organization are supporting its internal capabilities and external environment. It also requires that the organizations must match their organization design according to its internal as well as external environm

Event Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Event Analysis - Essay Example It will further help to identify the potential risks associated with the event and provide strategies to mitigate those risks. In addition, the report will focus on the staffing requirements and role of the volunteers in conducting the event successfully. Moreover, the budgetary requirement will be determined and the official partners of the festival will be identified. Additionally, the promotional strategy used by the organisers to promote the event will be evaluated. Last but not the least, recommendations will be provided in order to enhance the services being rendered to the visitors. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Technical, Site and Other Logistical Requirements of the Event 5 Identification of Possible Risks and Steps Taken by the Organisers of the Event 6 Staffing Requirements and Role of Volunteers in Conducting the Event 7 Budgetary Requirements of the Event 8 Promotions Mix Used To Promote the Event 10 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Hue is acknowledged as the ancient capital of Vietnam. The city is further renowned for the glorious architecture of its palaces, temples, citadels and royal tombs among others. Furthermore, the greenish background on the banks of Perfume River has inspired several authors to create marvellous poetries regarding the heritage of the city (AsiaRooms, 2012a). Festivals and events form an essential part of the rich cultural tradition that prevails within the city area of Hue. The city is also regarded as quite famous for inspiring and rendering developmental assistance to creative artists and art enthusiasts due to which the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) declared it as a Wold Cultural Heritage Site in 1993. It was since then that Hue Festivals have been organised. The Hue Festival includes traditional concerts, theatrical performances, dance competitions and art exhibitions along with conducting sightseeing across the city. Notab ly, Hue festivals and events are organised for the purpose of promoting peace, harmony and supporting greater cultural exchange (AsiaRooms, 2012b). Huge numbers of artists across the world participates and performs in around 200 shows in more than 40 venues which continue for 9 consecutive days within the city. The festival involves a footfall of 1.5 million domestic and 150 million international visitors (Vietnam Online, 2011). Technical, Site and Other Logistical Requirements of the Event Hue festival comprises various cultural events which are organised in different venues, especially during the evening. Therefore, sufficient lighting has been one of the prime requirements of this festival. Moreover, the availability of artist’s specific utilities requires being arranged in advance in order to welcome them with satisfactory warmth from various countries. In addition, drum is regarded to be the most crucial instruments required for conducting this event. Hence, the organise rs are often observed to hold public biddings inviting experienced contractors to provide equipments on a rental basis for installation of sound, lighting and theatrical instruments for such a massive event (Hue Festival Centre, 2010a). The venues chosen for conducting the Hue festival are generally found to emphasising on its capacity of accommodating millions of visitors. The venues are mostly open-air situated near the banks of Nghinh Luong Dinh

Basal ganglia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Basal ganglia - Research Paper Example Parkinsons’s disorder is treated with dopamine replacement therapy. In the study of Diaz and Walters (2009), they explained that Parkinson is treated with levodopa, carbidopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and amantadine. All drugs are known to relive motor symptoms. L-Dopa increases the level of dopamine in the brain thereby relieves muscle tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Dopamine depletion results in the degeneration of the basal ganglia which may lead to excessive excitatory signals that affects the voluntary muscles in the different part of the body. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of dopamine in the periphery thus causes fewer side effects. Amantadine has the same effect with L-Dopa. The study further provided an overview of other medications believe to treat non motor features of Parkinson disease like mood disorder, gastrointestinal, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. Hilker and company (2010) in their similar study suggested that t he use of continuous dopaminergic drug delivery (CDD) may also provide a reduction in dopaminergic dyskinesias. CDD is based on the idea of continuous stimulation of striate dopamine receptors by infusing L-Dopa through a portable mini pump. While there are many researches and studies on the positive effects of these drugs on the signs and symptoms of Parkinson, medication is not the only treatment addressing this basal ganglia disorder. Understanding the underlying mechanism of the disorder had played a role in the interest of experts in expanding their search for other treatments to include surgical intervention in the form of pallidotomy and thalamotomy. These surgical procedures involve making lesions in the damaged tissues of the brain. In fact, the study of Krauss and Jankovic (1996) revealed that small lesion may disrupt the abnormal activity in the circuitry of basal ganglia. The operation involves treating the overly active brain cells thus signs and symptoms of the disease like dyskinesias, freezing movement, and stiffness are improved. In 1992, dramatic results among patients who had undergone pallidotomy were revealed (http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu). Treatment of basal ganglia disorder has been complicated. Treatment with drugs could cause another major symptom which is slowness in movement. Patient may still manifest the same major symptoms of the disorder despite undergoing surgery. This prompted experts to consider another option such as transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue. However, this treatment is still in its experimental stage. In the same study of Krauss and Jankovic, they noted that fetal stem transplantation has the potential to restore the lost nigrostriatal pathway. The stems when introduced into the substantia nigra would act as dopamine producing cells. This treatment is supported with the findings of Tran,Ho and Jandial ( 2010) where they explained that stem cells are the choice because of their ability to maintain a nd differentiate themselves and could develop into different new cells throughout the life of mammals. Furthermore, they reiterated that the preliminary use of stem cells has a therapeutic promise in treating neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by neuronal and glialloss. Other studies found out that implanted stem cells migrate to lesion site and restore deficits in brain function. The data provided in the treatment of basal

Event Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Event Analysis - Essay Example It will further help to identify the potential risks associated with the event and provide strategies to mitigate those risks. In addition, the report will focus on the staffing requirements and role of the volunteers in conducting the event successfully. Moreover, the budgetary requirement will be determined and the official partners of the festival will be identified. Additionally, the promotional strategy used by the organisers to promote the event will be evaluated. Last but not the least, recommendations will be provided in order to enhance the services being rendered to the visitors. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Technical, Site and Other Logistical Requirements of the Event 5 Identification of Possible Risks and Steps Taken by the Organisers of the Event 6 Staffing Requirements and Role of Volunteers in Conducting the Event 7 Budgetary Requirements of the Event 8 Promotions Mix Used To Promote the Event 10 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Hue is acknowledged as the ancient capital of Vietnam. The city is further renowned for the glorious architecture of its palaces, temples, citadels and royal tombs among others. Furthermore, the greenish background on the banks of Perfume River has inspired several authors to create marvellous poetries regarding the heritage of the city (AsiaRooms, 2012a). Festivals and events form an essential part of the rich cultural tradition that prevails within the city area of Hue. The city is also regarded as quite famous for inspiring and rendering developmental assistance to creative artists and art enthusiasts due to which the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) declared it as a Wold Cultural Heritage Site in 1993. It was since then that Hue Festivals have been organised. The Hue Festival includes traditional concerts, theatrical performances, dance competitions and art exhibitions along with conducting sightseeing across the city. Notab ly, Hue festivals and events are organised for the purpose of promoting peace, harmony and supporting greater cultural exchange (AsiaRooms, 2012b). Huge numbers of artists across the world participates and performs in around 200 shows in more than 40 venues which continue for 9 consecutive days within the city. The festival involves a footfall of 1.5 million domestic and 150 million international visitors (Vietnam Online, 2011). Technical, Site and Other Logistical Requirements of the Event Hue festival comprises various cultural events which are organised in different venues, especially during the evening. Therefore, sufficient lighting has been one of the prime requirements of this festival. Moreover, the availability of artist’s specific utilities requires being arranged in advance in order to welcome them with satisfactory warmth from various countries. In addition, drum is regarded to be the most crucial instruments required for conducting this event. Hence, the organise rs are often observed to hold public biddings inviting experienced contractors to provide equipments on a rental basis for installation of sound, lighting and theatrical instruments for such a massive event (Hue Festival Centre, 2010a). The venues chosen for conducting the Hue festival are generally found to emphasising on its capacity of accommodating millions of visitors. The venues are mostly open-air situated near the banks of Nghinh Luong Dinh

Three Accomplishments Essay Example for Free

Three Accomplishments Essay Describe your three most important accomplishments to date. You may address Civic Services, Community Services, and Volunteer work, if applicable, as well as work related experience: Three accomplishments: Coming to united States – Career Accomplishment Fulfilling the Family Responsibilities Starting a Charity – Social Accomplishment My childhood dream was to go to United States and study. So, I worked hard to get good grades. Unfortunately, in my second of college, June 1986, I met with a bus accident, which critically damaged my right hand. Subsequently, I completely lost my wrist movement. I could regain the arm movement by going though one year of physical therapy, however. The doctors informed me that I had to take a break from my studies if need be. I was upset, to say the least, though I did not lose my entire self-confidence. I began to practice writing with my left hand instead. Within three months, I was able to accomplish this. I wrote my second year exams and got distinction. Simultaneously attending college and physical therapy, I ultimately graduated without losing a year. Few years later, for the first time, when my feet touched the soil of USA, my joy knew no bounds. As a matter of fact, the feeling of triumph that I regained enabled me to see through any problem whatsoever. During my final year of college, July 1988, my father passed away. At that time, my younger brother and younger sister had not completed their studies, and so I felt that it was my responsibility to provide support to them. Therefore, I began to look for work, putting on hold my dream to go for higher studies. Financially supporting my family until my siblings were old enough to look after themselves; I did not regret my decision at all, despite the fact that many of my friends had obtained their postgraduate degrees from USA by that time. What I had gained was priceless, too: the pleasure of acting responsibly. One of my friends lost his eyes in an accident in Aug 2002. Seeing his misery, I decided to do something useful for blind people. So I actively participated in organizing charities and leading awareness programs for organ donation. I was also fortunate to start a charity in Vizag in Andharapradesh, India, on behalf of my mother in July 2006. At present, I am in talks with Shankar Eye Foundation in India to increase the number of eye surgeries. So long as I am helping myself and society, I believe I am accomplishing something.

The Carbonated Soft Drinks Industry And Pepsico Strategy Marketing Essay

The Carbonated Soft Drinks Industry And Pepsico Strategy Marketing Essay The chart below shows the dominant players in the carbonated soft drinks (CSD) industry according to Beverage Digest report issued on March 30, 2009. The results of this report are for the year 2008 (Sicher, 2009, p.2). Coca Cola has the largest market share accounting for 43%, followed by PepsiCo with 31% and Dr.Pepper Snapple Group Inc. (formerly Cadbury Schweppes) with 15% of the market. The remaining 11% is distributed amongst other CSD companies such as Cott Corp, National Beverage, Red Bull, Big Red, Rockstar, Private label and others. Moreover, the top 10 CSD brands in the U.S for the year 2008 were ranked by market share as follows (Sicher, 2009, p.2). Brands Company Market Share Coke Coca-Cola 17.3% Pepsi-Cola PepsiCo 10.3% Diet Coke Coca-Cola 10% Mountain Dew PepsiCo 6.8% Dr.Pepper Dr.Pepper Snapple Group(DPS) 6.1% Diet Pepsi PepsiCo 5.7% Sprite Coca-Cola 5.6% Fanta Coca-Cola 1.8% Diet Mountain Dew PepsiCo 1.8% Diet Dr.Pepper Dr.Pepper Snapple Group(DPS) 1.6% With regard to individual brands, Coke was ranked first with 17.3% market share and Pepsi-cola was in second place with a lower market share of 10.3%. Additionally, the total market share of all Coca-cola brands adds up to (34.7%) which still surpasses those of PepsiCo (24.6%). To be able to give an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the Soft Drink industry, the following factors should be considered: The relevant industry trends and the most noticeable changes in the industry. The strategic group map. The industry attractiveness using Michael Porter five forces model. A. Relevant industry trends Industry Growth The graph below shows the performance of the CSD market from 1990 up to 2008. It is observed that the industry faced a sharp decline in growth starting from 2005, where the percent volume change fell below zero. This was followed by a further decline in growth rates: -0.6% in 2006, then -2.3% in 2007 and -3% in 2008 (Sicher, 2009, p.1). Conversely, the energy drink companies were experiencing a positive growth. Hansen Natural, which has both soft drinks and energy drinks in its portfolio of products, witnessed a +3.3% CSD growth. Additionally, Red Bulls volume also increased +5.2%. Although Hansen Natural and Red Bull make up a small portion of the total market share pie, the increase in their growth rates indicates that PepsiCo has to pay attention to them. Political Factors: There are several political factors that influence the soft drinks industry: Obey food, Drug and cosmetic acts: the process of producing and distributing the soft drinks in the market is subjects to many federal laws such as the food, drug and cosmetics acts. It is also subject to American with disabilities acts. The presence of these laws helps create a healthy environment for the consumers. This will limit the potentials of new entrants in this industry. Environmental laws regulations: these laws enforce packaging, recycling, water and energy policies to make sure the CSD industry operates in a healthy environment. This leads to making the soft drink industry more attractive for consumers. Double Taxation: Another political factor is that companies operating in the industry are obligated to tax payments for the products they offer and distribute in each country they operate within. Hence, this leads to making the industry less attractive because operating firms are subject to double taxation policies. Economical Factors: Inflation in diesel prices: it is an important factor affecting the CSD industry. Since, the CSD relies on trucks to distribute its diverse end line products; trucks are subject to inflation in fuel prices. Since the consumption of fuel is the core activity, diesel prices are subject to inflation depending on the market conditions. Yet, the possibility of a market crisis rises. Foreign exchange rates fluctuations: Carbonated soft drinks firms revenues are affected by exchange rates fluctuations as well as profits and the cost of raw materials. Due to the weak economic growth the industry will suffer heavily by changes in exchange rates. Thus, profits and cost are going to be lower and higher respectively. Socio cultural Factors: Obesity: Dr. Gabe Mirkin says: A study from Harvard shows that of soft drinks may be responsible for the doubling of obesity in children over the last 15 years. (Gabe Mirkin, 2004) Recently, as the people are becoming more and more educated, the level of their health awareness is increasing. Obesity is becoming more and more apparent, leading to people taking good care of their health. Soft drinks are full with empty calories which cause obesity. The trend of obesity in children is rising since the soft drinks consumers are young and between the range of 14 and 30. In fact, studies done by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research shows that Adults who do drink one or more sodas or other sugar-sweetened beverages each day are 27% more likely to be overweight or obese. (16 Facts About Soft Drinks and Obesity, 2009) Change in life style consumer tastes: Nowadays the consumer of the carbonated soft drink industry are shifting their tastes toward drinking more healthier drinks such as water and fresh juices instead of carbonated soft drink full with sugar that will have a negative effect on the consumer health in the long run. People have become more health conscious for instance they are moving toward the consumption of healthier beverages such as water and fresh juices. Its estimated that the consumption of juices will increase up to 20 % within the coming three years. (Health Conscious Chileans Switching to Non-carbonated Drinks, 2009) Technological Factors: Introducing new technologies in the soft drink industry has helped in developing the process of manufacturing. For example: PDX technology: It is a shockwave technology that helps in mixing the ingredients in an efficient way. Pursuit Dynamics, the supplier, said that this technology is most useful for the soft drinks industry. This technology is believed to help in cutting the cleaning time up to 80%. Also, it will also increase the processing speed and save power. (New technology targets diet soft drinks makers, 2009) Other Noticeable trends: Merger and acquisition: It is very common in the soft drinks industry, it causes many firm to exit and then re-enter the industry. Many leaders in the soft drinks industry use acquisition in order to grow and increase their market share. For example, what PepsiCo did to expand into the energy drink sector, it acquired Quaker Oat, who already bought Gatorade. Hence, the competition on the products diversifications for a firm will increase. Using glass bottles instead of plastic bottles: Many soft drinks companies are moving toward using glass bottles because these bottles are more environmental friendly. According to G Karthikeyan, the manger of sales in Jabal Ali Container Glass, the demand for glass bottles has increased recently because some of the chemicals in the soft drinks can react with the plastic and caused serious diseases. Using glass bottles help that the soft drink bottle taste better and last for long time. (Sathish, 2010) Banning soft drinks in schools: The American beverage association has announced the removal of soft drinks from schools. It asked for the removal of full calorie drinks and the replacement will be the healthy, low calorie beverages. That decision has been made because the child obesity is increasing rapidly. The announcement said that in elementary schools, children can only have 100% fresh juices, low fat milk and water, while in high schools the students can have all types of diet beverages and sport drinks as well as the drinks available for the elementary schools.(FBD,2010) B. Strategic Group Map The strategic group map above shows the competitive positions of different competitors in the CSD industry. It consists of the five largest competitors in the industry. The axes represent two competitive characteristics: the product categories offered by each competitor and geographic coverage in terms of the number of countries. The size of the circles is proportional to the relative market share of the company. PepsiCo has offers the largest variety of product categories amounting to 10 categories, followed by Coca-cola which offers 7 categories. Dr.Pepper Snapple Group, Cott Corp and National beverage all offer 5 product categories, however these categories are differ slightly. Also, their geographic locations vary which explains why they are located on different points on the strategic group map. The strategic group map was constructed using the information in the table below: Geographic coverage Product Categories offered Coca cola 200 + (The coca-cola system, n.d.) 1.Soft drinks 2.Energy drinks 3.Juices / Juice Drinks 4.Sports drinks 5.Tea and coffee 6.water 7.other  [1]   Pepsi 150 (Our history, n.d.) 1.Soft drinks 2.Energy drinks 3.Juices / Juice Drinks 4.Sports drinks 5.Ready to drink tea 6.Ready to drink coffee 7.water 8.Dairy based drinks 9.Fruit flavored beverages 10.Frozen beverages  [2]   Dr.Pepper Snapple Group 81 (The best history on earth, n.d) 1.CSD 2.Juices 3.Ready to drink tea 4.Mixers 5.Other Premium beverages  [3]   Cott Corp 60 (About us, n.d.) 1.CSD 2.Energy Drinks 3.Juice Drinks 4.Tea 5.Water  [4]   National Beverage 13 (Overview, n.d.) 1.CSD 2.Energy Drinks 3.Water 4.Fortified powders and supplements 5.Functionally enhanced juices and waters  [5]   C. Michael Porter five forces model Industry is classified as the Carbonated Soft Drinks Industry Rivalry HIGH Rivalry in this market is very intense due to a number of factors such as the number of competitors, growth of the industry, product differentiation, switching costs and change in consumer tastes. There are a few large competitors that are roughly equal in size. These competitors are Coca-cola with a market share of 43% and Pepsi with 31%. The market shares of Coca-cola and PepsiCo combined makes up more than 70% of the whole market. Thus, it allows these major competitors to watch each other closely. However, there are many other competitors that compete with these two giants and intensify rivalry. These include other soft drink companies (e.g. Dr.Pepper Snapple Group and National Beverage) and energy drink companies (e.g. Red bull and Rockstar). As mentioned earlier, the CSD industry faced a 3% decline in growth in 2008. A declining growth rate indicated that the many competitors in the market will have to share the shrinking pie. Also, in an industry such as CSD, there is little opportunity for differentiation relative to other products (e.g. cars) which lowers switching costs for consumers. The change in lifestyles which caused consumers to shift away from carbonated to non-carbonated soft drinks increased the level of competition. As a result, companies such as PepsiCo and Coco-cola had to adapt to these changes in demand by focusing on marketing and innovation (Human sustainability, n.d.). Bargaining power of Buyers MODERATE to HIGH The buyers in this industry can be classified into two categories: Those that buy in large quantities (Matthews Knaus, 2006, p.2): Supermarkets (31%) Fountain outlets: e.g. restaurants (23%) Vending machines (14%) Mass merchandisers (6%) Convenience stores/ Gas stations (5%) Small grocers (4%) Other: gas stations, drug chains, gas stations/minimarts, airlines and other channels of distribution (17%) Those that buy in small quantities: Final consumer The first category of buyers has high bargaining power. Generally, in industries characterized with many suppliers and a few large buyers, the buyers capture a greater share of the profits. This is because they buy in bulk and they can easily switch between suppliers since the product is standard, lacks differentiation and is easily available in the market. Additionally, these buyers have the power to demand higher quality or more service because they buy in large quantities. An example of a buyer that buys in bulk is the large retail store, Walmart. The second category of buyers is the end consumers. The fragmented nature of the buyer group and the low quantities purchased by them lowers their bargaining power. However, the bargaining power is increased due to the presence of substitutes, low switching costs. Thus, the bargaining power of end consumers is considered to be moderate overall. Bargaining power of Suppliers- MODEATE to LOW Before looking at the supplier group, it is important to first consider the types of input or raw materials that are used in this industry. These are: sugar, bottles, cans, water, ink and plastic. The inputs used are homogeneous and not differentiated which makes them readily available in the market. The supplier group in this industry is not powerful and does not possess a high bargaining power. There are many suppliers which make the supplier group more fragmented than the industry it sells to. Also, the product or input is neither unique nor differentiated and the suppliers do not represent a high percentage of total costs in the industry. One factor that may increase the bargaining power of suppliers is that consumers are more becoming more health conscious. This gives suppliers that offer healthier ingredients more bargaining power since they are smaller in number. Nevertheless, this bargaining power can be mitigated by having a long term agreement with the suppliers. Threat of Substitutes: HIGH Again, substitutes are classified into two categories: (1) Substitutes that come from distant industries, and (2) substitutes that come from within the industry- internal substitution. Since we classified the industry as that of carbonated soft drinks, then the substitutes from distant industries will be non-carbonated soft drinks. These include juice, water, milk, tea, coffee and the like. On the other hand, substitutes from within the industry include CSD such as sodas and energy drinks. Both types of substitutes pose a high threat because consumers switching costs between substitutes are low. Additionally, since people are more health conscious, they are more willing to substitute CSD with healthier alternatives. Threat of New Entrants: Moderate to LOW The entry barriers in the CSD industry are of different types, each having a significant effect on the threat of potential new entrants, these include: Technical barriers: For instance, PepsiCo has an absolute cost advantage enabling it to achieve lower average costs. That is, even if an individual or company was able to discover Pepsis recipe, they will not be able to achieve the low costs of PepsiCo. This is because PepsiCo is a large company that has economies of scale. Commercial Barriers: these barriers include brand name, reputation, access to distribution etc. In an industry like CSD, it is very difficult for a new entrant to compete effectively with the existing competitors that already have a large and loyal customer base. New entrants will have to put in a lot of marketing efforts and resources in order to convince customers to switch to their products. This will be time consuming and will also require a large amount of capital. Additionally, it is very difficult for new entrant to gain access to extensive distribution channels like those of Coca cola and PepsiCo. Financial Barriers: these barriers include capital requirement, access to financing etc. The bottling process requires a higher amount of capital than concentrate manufacturing since it is associated with higher fixed assets. For concentrate manufacturing, one plant which has the potential to serve a country as large as the United States costs $25 million. On the other hand, the bottling process needs 80 to 85 plants, each costing $30-50 million, to provide efficient distribution for a country the size of the US. Moreover, the bottling process is highly specific to both the type packaging and the bottling process. This, in return, makes it difficult to exit the market. (Cola wars, n.d., p.3) Retaliation: the more retaliation new entrants expect from existing competitors, the higher the entry barrier. In this industry, new entrants should expect sharp retaliation. The aforementioned barriers to entry lower the threat of new entrants. However, there is another factor that should be taken into consideration: private label brands. Cott Corp. holds the majority of private label brands in addition to few other smaller companies. Since private label brands are cheaper, retailers would find it more attractive to sell them, instead of Coca-cola or Pepsi, taking into consideration the higher profit associated with them. Thus, the threat of these private brands slightly increase the threat posed by new entrants. This makes the overall threat of new entrants moderate to low. (Pepsi, n.d., p.6) Conclusion The spider web below summarized the five forces (the 6th force is excluded). The more intense the forces are, the less attractive the market is. Most of the forces in the CSD industry are moderate to high which indicates that this industry is not attractive for new entrants. However, for those companies that are already in the industry, it is attractive. 2. Key Success Factors of Carbonated Soft Drinks industry 1. Size of Company (distribution and market share) The companies size is an important factor in such an industry. E.g. PepsiCo is the second leader in the industry as well as one with the largest market share. 2. Location (Convenience and Availability) Convenience for customers is also essential in a soft drink industry. Such that a company must make sure the soft drink is readily available everywhere in supermarket, grocery stores, vending machines, and restaurants. Brand Loyalty Due to the diverse soft drinks and the intense competition in the industry, brand loyalty plays an important success factor for a company. E.g. PepsiCos regular customers are devoted to Pepsi and they rarely switch to other brands. Loyalty creates inelastic price change. PepsiCo successfully adapts to customer taste. International market International presence is essential for the success of Soft Drinks industry. Going global is important for it helps the company enhance growth. E.g. the majority of PepsiCos profits come from US yet population growth in markets like India and china could lead to potential market growth. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Strong Brand Reputation Strong market Position PepsiCo is an early entrant which helped build market share. Its market share accounts for 31% of the market share of the carbonated soft drinks industry. Availability of large Free Cash Flow ( and Strong Revenue Growth) Solid revenue results in the second quarter of 2009 reflecting PepsiCos Product innovation, strong effective net pricing, and cost discipline showing a 5.5 percent increase in net revenue and an 8 percent increase in core EPS. PepsiCo Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Indra Nooyi said Our results this quarter reinforce the advantages of our balanced portfolio, as our food and international businesses delivered solid performance while we continued the transformation of our North American beverage business.(Nooyi, 2009) PepsiCo has large amount of free cash flow and lack of capital constraint creating strength for the company to improve its innovative capabilities, and create a strong distribution thus further strengthening its brand. Strong and creative advertisement Besides PepsiCos strong advertisement, it uses creative techniques. Such that PepsiCo created an add through a football field with most well known players (Kaka-Brazilian, Henry-France, Drogba-Godivoi, Messi-Argentine, Lumoard-England) . Extensive product list Pepsi offers various products besides the Pepsi cola. It offers beverages and snacks. Its also the number one maker of snacks (potato chips and corn chips). Weaknesses: Many Large existing Competitors Large existing competitors in the market create significant weakness for PepsiCo and thus create a need for stronger advertising, consequently requiring higher capital. Following are the strong competitors sharing a high market share in comparison to PepsiCo with 31% market share: Coca Cola has a market share of Æ’Â   43% Dr.Pepper Snapple Group Inc. Æ’Â  15% of the market Concentration PepsiCo is concentrated in North America (US, Canada, Mexico), where almost 70% of its revenues comes from. Opportunities: Acquisitions and Alliances: Due to the increased threat of rivalry and competition in the carbonated soft drink industry, acquisitions and alliances create an opportunity that reduces such threats. Through acquisition the market share rises and the revenue rises, though the high cost of doing it is a drawback to such a strategy. Acquisitions of rivals (e.g. RedBull) Increase Market Share Increase Advertisements Advertisements play a major role in Carbonated Industries. For example, for one to see Pepsis add on road while very thirsty would likely to stop by a petrol station or any convenient store who offers Pepsi to purchase it. Strengthen Brand names of N.A portfolio: Since coke dominates Western Europe and Latin America, PEPSI dominates Middle East and Southeast Asia. Threats: Change in customers taste: weakening demand in USA Æ’Â  new federal nutrition guidelines identified regular CSD as largest source of obesity-causing sugars in American diet (Pinto, 2006) Health care awareness Increased awareness of health campaigns cut down revenues of soft drink industries. Customers move to substitutes such as water, non-carbonated drinks and juices. These challenges are PepsiCos target to overcome, such as the figure below shows the peoples negative perception of PepsiCo. High Rivalry As Explained earlier, threat of rivalry is very intense due to the following factors: Large number of competitors, Decline in growth of the industry, Lack of differentiation in products, and low switching costs. Therefore there exists an intense competition for shelf space due to expanding array of products and packaging options Large company size, will demand a varied marketing program; Social, cultural, economic, political and governmental constrains. As a result, the company will incur more expenses and resources. Threat of substitutes is very high. People can easily substitute Pepsi with other drinks. Strategic recommendations to the firm based on your SWOT analysis Since PepsiCo has availability of high free cash flow (strength), I would recommend that PepsiCo opts for Acquisition and Alliance (Opportunity) to increase its market share thus to take over its rivalry (threat) Due to the threat of health campaigns (threat), PepsiCo should increase its product line (opportunity) I would recommend that PepsiCo increases its EPS and increase PepsiCos stock price, by: Increasing Income Decrease amount of outstanding stock B. Company strategy analysis 1. Mission Statement/Strategic intent/Vision Mission statement: Our mission is to be the worlds premier consumer products company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity (PepsiCo Inc., 2009) Reproduced Mission statement: PepsiCo aims to be the worlds number one foods and beverages producer. It mainly focuses on providing money for its investors as well as enhancing the market with jobs and opportunities for growth. PepsiCo try their best to be honest, fair and truthful in all of their operations. Critique: The mission statement relatively reflects the core values of PepsiCo. It specifically describes its goals and objectives. It also sets guidelines for the activities and operations that need to be accomplished in order to meet the company prospects aims. Vision: PepsiCos responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate environment, social, economic creating a better tomorrow than today. Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company. (PepsiCo Inc., 2009) Reproduced Vision: Operate by creating a better future sustainable environment. Critique: A vision is a statement that states what the firm will be in the future. Pepsis vision aims toward creating a future healthier, sustainable friendly environment. PepsiCo vision should be more specific to its goals and objectives in order for PepsiCo to be more productive in the future. It should be more creative and easy to adapt to new trends. The vision can help PepsiCo in controlling the future market. PepsiCo Generic Strategy: According to Michael Porter, there are two types of competitive advantages a firm an posses: A firm can either make the same products that its competitors do, but with a lower cost. Æ’Â   Cost Strategy OR A firm can differentiate its products from those offered by its competitors, either by offering better and more expensive products or by offering lower quality cheaper products Æ’Â   Differentiation Strategy. To gain a competitive advantage in the market, PepsiCo looked in its position in the industry. It engaged in cost leadership competitive strategy: Since PepsiCo is a large corporation, it can keep the prices of its products low through the massive production and economies of scale. They also can buy from suppliers in bulk at a discount and make use of the technology to lower the prices of the final products. Not to forget that the extensive distribution channels and the global existence of the firm are considered as important factors to reduce the price. Allocating the cost among the brands carried by PepsiCo, the proficiency in the development and production help PepsiCo achieving its cost leadership strategy. PepsiCo also vertically integrated. It has merged with Pepsi bottling group in order to reduce the cost of distribution. Additionally, the types of input or raw materials that are used in this industry are: sugar, bottles, cans, water, ink and plastic. Since these raw materials are not differentiated and are easily available in the market, PepsiCo can achieve economies of scale. By looking at the graph above we can learn that by achieving economies of scale the firm will reduce its costs which will lead to lower prices of the final products. Although lower prices will result in having price war, which had already existed between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola and other firms in the CSD industry, it will still help the company in increasing its market share and to compete in the industry. Adapting the Cost leadership strategy had raised strong barriers for any new entrants to enter the market since it will be very hard to compete with a well-known brand that offers low prices. PepsiCos key resources that could lead to long term competitive: In order to stay ahead of the future and present competition, Pepsi has developed many attributes. It has constructed a business strategy that will allow it to outperform its competitors. Therefore PepsiCo has concentrated on few main resources that it believes will turn out as competitive advantages for the firm which will help it to goal superior performance in its industry. These competitive advantages are believed to be: Strong Brand Name Advertising: PepsiCo has the luxury to spend around 200 million dollars in this field, which allows it to reinforce the products. The strong advertising helps PepsiCo to introduce new products very quickly because it helps in improving the awareness level on the consumers about launching new products. PepsiCo logo/ being the 2nd leader of the market: PepsiCo is a very well-known brand not only because of products taste but also because of its logo and unique way of packaging. These all created what is called brand recognition. The unique blue and red symbol made PepsiCo very recognizable among people. Pepsi has spent 637 million dollar over the five past years on its marketing plan just to introduce the new rich deep blue packaging. This color represents the eternity of youthfulness and openness. Celebrity endorsement: Pepsi had used famous faces such as Britney Spears and Beyoncà © in advertising its products, which lead to attract more customers and increase the level of costumers preference. Although celebrity endorsement was a success but PepsiCo wont be using celebrities anymore as a step forward reducing its future cost. Extensive Distribution Channels / Location In Feb. 26, 2010 PepsiCo had merged with Pepsi Bottling group and PepsiAmerican which strengthening its distribution. It has local and global locations. PepsiCo has locations in 150 countries all around the world. Physical locations: PepsiCo soft drinks can be found in vending machines which are located in high traffic locations, schools, universities. PepsiCo reaches more consumers by also distributing its products to restaurants, department stores and grocery markets.